Retinal imaging takes a digital picture of the back of your eye. It shows the retina (where light and images hit), the optic disc (a spot on the retina that holds the optic nerve, which sends information to the brain), and blood vessels. This helps your optometrist or ophthalmologist find certain diseases and check the health of your eyes.
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Doctors have long used a tool called an ophthalmoscope to look at the back of your eye. Retinal imaging allows doctors to get a much wider digital view of the retina. It doesnt replace a regular eye exam or regular dilation but adds another layer of precision to it.
Your doctor may recommend it if you have any the following diseases or conditions:
Diabetes: This disease can damage the blood vessels in your retina. Over time, it causes you to lose your sight if it is not controlled.
Macular degeneration: The central part of your retina (the macula) starts to get worse with age. You may have blurry vision and find it harder to focus. If that happens, you may be considered legally blind even though you may still have peripheral vision. There are two kinds of macular degeneration: wet and dry.
Dry macular degeneration is by far the most common form of this disease (up to 90% of the cases). It happens when blood vessels under the retina become thin and brittle.
Abnormal blood vessels growing under the retina cause wet macular degeneration. Vision loss is usually fast.
Retinal imaging is very important in finding this type of macular degeneration.
Glaucoma: This disease damages your optic nerve (located in the retina) and may cause vision loss. It typically happens when fluid builds up in the front of your eye. It can cause blindness but it normally progresses slowly and can be treated with special eye drops to lower the pressure caused by the fluid.
Retinal Toxicity: The arthritis drug hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) can damage your retina.
Your doctor may also use retinal imaging if your vision is getting worse and they arent sure why.
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There are three main methods that eye care specialists use to take digital pictures of your eyes fundus (the inner, back surface of your eye). These include:
In all these cases, you sit comfortably in a chair and move your face close to the camera device. Your provider shows you where to place your forehead and chin. Nothing touches your eye during retinal imaging.
Providers sometimes use one or more of the above methods at the same time. They may also use one of the methods along with fluorescein angiography. This technique is minimally invasive. Nothing touches your eyes, but your provider injects a dye into a vein in your arm. This dye travels through your blood vessels, including those in your eyes. It reveals blockages or other problems in those vessels.
Your provider will tell you about the procedure and why youre having it. They may ask you to give consent.
Providers usually put drops into your eyes to dilate your pupils. Thats because your pupil is the window that the camera sees through to capture pictures of your fundus. A wider pupil typically leads to better images. Make sure you arrange for someone to drive you home. Your vision will be blurry, and youll be sensitive to light for a few hours after pupil dilation.
Retinal imaging, including fundus photography and OCT, is fast and painless. Heres what you can expect:
Retinal imaging typically takes five to 10 minutes. If your provider uses fluorescein angiography, the process may take up to 30 minutes.
If your provider dilates your eyes, youll have blurry vision and sensitivity to light for a few hours. So, give your eyes a rest. Dont drive, read or look at screens. Wear sunglasses to protect your eyes when youre outside.
Retinal imaging, including fundus photography and OCT, is safe with no known risks. Your provider simply uses a camera to create digital images of your eyes.
Fluorescein angiography is low risk but may cause side effects like temporary skin discoloration (a slight yellow tint) or urine that appears dark yellow to orange. These effects go away within 24 hours.
Rarely, fluorescein may cause an allergic reaction (hives or itching). The risk of anaphylaxis is extremely small. People who are sensitive to fluorescein may experience:
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