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Green tea is one of the most commonly consumed teas in the world.
Green tea extract is its concentrated form, with just one capsule containing the same amount of active ingredients as an average cup of green tea.
Like green tea, green tea extract is a great source of antioxidants. These have been credited with a range of health benefits &#; from promoting heart, liver, and brain health to improving your skin and even reducing the risk of cancer (1).
What&#;s more, many studies have looked at the ability of green tea extract to aid weight loss. In fact, many weight loss products list it as a key ingredient.
Despite these benefits, it&#;s important to know that green tea extract can also be toxic when taken in excess, so always talk with a health professional if you&#;re interested in taking these supplements.
This article explores 10 science-based benefits of green tea extract.
The health benefits of green tea extract are mostly due to its high antioxidant content.
Antioxidants can help reduce oxidative stress in your body by protecting against cell damage caused by molecules called free radicals. This cell damage is associated with aging and several diseases (2).
Polyphenol antioxidants called catechins make up the majority of green tea extract&#;s antioxidant content. Among the catechins in green tea, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the most researched and thought to provide the most health benefits.
Studies have shown that green tea extract increases your body&#;s antioxidant capacity (the activity of your body&#;s own antioxidant enzymes) and protects against oxidative stress. This, in turn, may prevent associated health concerns (3, 4, 5).
For example, in one study, 35 people with obesity took 870 milligrams (mg) of green tea extract for 8 weeks. Their blood antioxidant capacity increased from 1.2 to 2.5 micromoles per liter (μmol/L), on average (4).
It should be noted that the participants in this small study were taking green tea extract in an amount considered to be in the toxic range. Because of this, it&#;s unclear whether green tea extract would have the same effect if taken in smaller, safer doses.
SummaryGreen tea extract is rich in antioxidants called catechins, which have been shown to increase antioxidant capacity and protect against oxidative stress.
Oxidative stress increases fat buildup in your blood, which promotes inflammation in your arteries and leads to high blood pressure (6, 7).
The antioxidants in green tea extract can decrease inflammation and help reduce blood pressure. They can also inhibit fat absorption in cells, helping reduce blood fat levels (8, 9, 10, 11).
In one study, 56 people with obesity and high blood pressure took 379 mg of green tea extract daily for 3 months. They showed a significant decrease in blood pressure, compared with the placebo group (8).
Additionally, they experienced significant reductions in blood fat levels, including lower triglycerides and both total and LDL (bad) cholesterol (8).
An older study involving 33 people between ages 21 and 71 years old with no lipid imbalances found that taking 250 mg of green tea extract daily for 8 weeks reduced total cholesterol by 3.9% and LDL (bad) cholesterol by 4.5% (9).
Given that high blood pressure and high blood fat levels are risk factors of heart disease, regulating them can help promote heart health.
SummaryThe catechins in green tea may help reduce blood pressure and improve blood fat levels, which promotes heart health.
The antioxidants in green tea extract, especially EGCG, have been shown to protect brain cells from oxidative stress (12).
This protection can help reduce brain damage that could lead to mental decline and brain diseases like Parkinson&#;s, Alzheimer&#;s, and dementia (12, 13, 14).
Green tea extract can also decrease the action of heavy metals like iron and copper, both of which can damage brain cells (15, 16).
It&#;s been shown to help memory as well, by enhancing the connection between different parts of your brain.
In a study, 12 people drank a soft drink containing either 27.5 grams of green tea extract or a placebo. Then, while the participants worked on memory tests, brain images were obtained to assess brain function.
The green tea extract group showed an increase in brain function and improved task performance, compared with the placebo group (17).
SummaryGreen tea extract has been shown to have a positive effect on brain health and memory, and it may help protect against brain diseases.
Green tea extract is rich in catechins, and it contains a decent amount of caffeine. Interestingly, it seems that this combination of ingredients is responsible for green tea extract&#;s modest weight loss properties (18, 19, 20, 21).
Both catechins and caffeine have been shown to assist in weight loss by regulating the hormones that can enhance thermogenesis (19, 22, 23). Thermogenesis is the process by which your body burns calories to digest food and produce heat.
Green tea has been shown to boost this process by making your body more effective at burning calories, which can lead to weight loss (23, 24, 25).
In one older study, 14 people took a capsule containing a mixture of caffeine, EGCG from green tea, and guarana extract before each meal. It then examined the effect on calorie burning and found that the participants burned 179 more calories, on average, in the following 24 hours (19).
However, results are mixed.
In another well-designed study, 60 Caucasian adults took 560 mg of green tea extract along with between 280 and 450 mg of caffeine or a placebo daily for 12 weeks. This study found no significant effect on resting energy expenditure or body composition (26).
And since caffeine is known to stimulate energy expenditure, the modest weight loss effects of green tea extract may be due &#; at least in part &#; to the caffeine itself (27).
In fact, one study determined that green tea catechins don&#;t show any significant effect on energy expenditure when tested against caffeine alone (18).
Plus, the amount of caffeine you typically consume may affect your body&#;s response to green tea extract.
Those who regularly consume high amounts of caffeine (greater than 300 mg per day, or about 3 cups of coffee) may not experience as great an effect from green tea extract (20).
In one 12-week study, 115 women with central obesity (higher concentration of fat in the abdominal area) took 856.8 mg of green tea extract or placebo daily. Those taking the green tea extract experienced significant weight loss, along with decreases in BMI, waist circumference, and cholesterol levels, compared with participants who were given a placebo (28).
It should be noted that the dosage of green tea extract used in this study is in the toxic range for daily catechin intake. People taking high doses of green tea catechins should monitor their liver enzymes to avoid liver damage or acute liver failure (29, 30).
While a cup of green tea contains 50&#;100 mg green tea catechins and 30&#;40 mg of caffeine, studies of green tea extract often contain 375 mg or more of green tea catechins and up to 600 mg of caffeine.
Those with sensitivity to caffeine or cardiovascular issues should consider this before taking green tea extract for weight loss. It&#;s always good to speak with a healthcare professional so they can help you decide whether green tea extract is right for you.
SummaryGreen tea extract may aid weight loss by increasing the number of calories your body burns through a process called thermogenesis. However, the effect is modest, and it&#;s unclear whether green tea catechins or caffeine are responsible. High doses of green tea extract are toxic and may lead to serious liver damage.
The catechins in green tea extract may also help reduce inflammation caused by some liver diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (31, 32).
One study gave 80 participants (ages 20&#;50 years) with NAFLD either 500 mg of green tea extract or a placebo daily for 90 days (31).
The group who received green tea extract showed significant reductions in liver enzyme levels, which is an indication of improved liver health (32).
Similarly, 17 patients with NAFLD took 700 mL of green tea, which contained at least 1 gram of catechins, daily for 12 weeks. They had significant decreases in liver fat content, inflammation, and oxidative stress (32).
However, as mentioned above, it&#;s important to have your liver functions tested regularly because excessive amounts of green tea catechins have been shown to be harmful to the liver (30). Talk with a healthcare professional to determine the right dosage for you.
SummaryGreen tea extract seems to help improve liver function by decreasing inflammation and oxidative stress.
The maintenance of your body&#;s tissues and organs is characterized by cell death and regrowth. Specialized cells known as stem cells produce new cells to replace those that die. This process keeps cells active and healthy.
When this balance is disrupted, cancer can occur. This is when your body starts producing dysfunctional cells, and cells don&#;t die when they should.
The antioxidants in green tea extract, especially EGCG, seem to have favorable effects on the balance of cell production and death (33, 34, 35, 36).
One small older study explored the effects of taking 600 mg of green tea catechins per day for a year on men at risk of developing prostate cancer.
It found that the likelihood of developing cancer was 3% for those receiving green tea compared with 30% for the control group (37).
SummaryGreen tea extract has been shown to help maintain cell health. It may even help prevent some types of cancer, though more research is needed.
Whether taken as a supplement or applied to the skin, green tea extract has been shown to improve skin health (38).
A large review demonstrated that when applied to the skin, green tea extract can help treat a variety of skin concerns, such as dermatitis, rosacea, and warts. As a supplement, it has been shown to help with skin aging and acne (38, 39, 40).
For example, a small study showed that consuming 1,500 mg of green tea extract daily for 4 weeks resulted in significant reductions in red skin bumps caused by acne (40).
Moreover, both supplements and the topical application of green tea extract seem to help prevent skin conditions like loss of skin elasticity, inflammation, premature aging, and cancer caused by exposure to UV rays (39, 41).
A study involving 10 people revealed that applying a cream containing green tea extract to the skin for 60 days resulted in improved skin elasticity (42).
Additionally, a study showed that applying green tea extract to the skin reduced skin damage caused by sun exposure (39).
Interestingly enough, adding green tea extract to cosmetic products has been shown to benefit the skin by providing a moisturizing effect (43).
SummaryGreen tea extract has been shown to help prevent and treat several skin conditions.
Green tea extract seems to be helpful in exercise, whether it&#;s by improving exercise performance or enhancing recovery.
While exercise has many health benefits, it&#;s known to produce oxidative stress and damage cells in the body. Antioxidants, like green tea catechins, can reduce cellular damage and delay muscle fatigue (44, 45).
In fact, a study involving 35 male students showed that green tea extract combined with strength training for 4 weeks enhanced the body&#;s antioxidant protection (46).
Additionally, 16 sprinters who took green tea extract for 4 weeks demonstrated increased protection against oxidative stress produced by repeated sprint bouts (47).
Green tea extract also seems to benefit exercise performance.
One study found that 14 men who actively engaged in physical activity and consumed green tea extract for 4 weeks increased their running distance by 10.9% (49).
SummaryGreen tea extract increases antioxidant protection against oxidative damage caused by exercise. This translates to better exercise performance and recovery.
The catechins in green tea, especially EGCG, have been shown to enhance insulin sensitivity and regulate the production of blood sugar, both of which can lower blood sugar levels (49, 50).
A study gave 14 people with no underlying health conditions a sugary substance and either 1.5 grams of green tea or a placebo. The group that consumed green tea experienced better blood sugar tolerance after 30 minutes and continued to show better results compared with the placebo group (51).
An older study showed that green tea extract improved insulin sensitivity in healthy young men by 13% (52).
Keep in mind that these studies (51, 52) were very small and that the participants had no underlying health conditions. Many people with diabetes, on the other hand, take medications that affect their liver, and many have NAFLD, so they would need to monitor their liver enzymes.
If you have diabetes, it&#;s important that you speak with your doctor before taking these supplements.
An analysis of 17 studies concluded that green tea extract is useful in decreasing fasting blood sugar levels. It can also help lower the hemoglobin A1C value, which is an indicator of blood sugar levels over the past 2&#;3 months (53).
SummaryGreen tea extract has been shown to increase insulin sensitivity and blood sugar tolerance, all while decreasing hemoglobin A1C and blood sugar levels.
Green tea extract is available in liquid, powder, and capsule forms. A wide selection can be found on Amazon.
The liquid extract can be diluted in water, while the powder can be mixed into smoothies. However, it has a strong taste.
The recommended dosage of green tea extract is between 250&#;500 mg per day. This amount can be obtained from 3&#;5 cups of green tea, or about 1.2 liters.
But it&#;s important to know that not all green tea extract supplements are created equal. Some supplements contain only dry green tea leaves, while others contain isolated forms of one or more catechins.
Because supplements are not FDA regulated to ensure safety, purity, or verification of contents, you should only purchase supplements that have been analyzed by an independent lab to verify purity and content.
The catechin most closely linked to the health benefits of green tea extract is EGCG, so you&#;ll want to make sure that the supplement you are consuming contains it.
Finally, it&#;s best to take green tea extract with food. Both exceeding the recommended dose and taking it on an empty stomach may cause serious liver damage (30, 54).
SummaryGreen tea extract can be consumed in capsule, liquid, or powder form. The recommended dose is 250&#;500 mg, taken with food.
Thanks to its high antioxidant content, green tea extract has been shown to help improve health and body composition.
Many studies have shown that green tea extract can promote weight loss, blood sugar regulation, disease prevention, and exercise recovery.
It can also help keep your skin and liver healthy, reduce blood fat levels, regulate blood pressure, and improve brain health.
It can be consumed in capsule, liquid, or powder form. The recommended dose is 250&#;500 mg a day, and it&#;s best taken with food. Amounts above this may be toxic. Plus, people with diabetes or those taking certain medications should speak with a healthcare professional before taking any amount of green tea extract.
Whether you want to improve your general health or decrease your risk of disease, green tea extract is an easy way to add health-boosting antioxidants to your diet.
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Gawande, S., Kale, A., and Kotwal, S. Effect of nutrient mixture and black grapes on the pharmacokinetics of orally administered (-)epigallocatechin-3-gallate from green tea extract: a human study. Phytother.Res. ;22(6):802-808. View abstract.
Gregersen, N. T., Bitz, C., Krog-Mikkelsen, I., Hels, O., Kovacs, E. M., Rycroft, J. A., Frandsen, E., Mela, D. J., and Astrup, A. Effect of moderate intakes of different tea catechins and caffeine on acute measures of energy metabolism under sedentary conditions. Br.J Nutr. ;102(8):-. View abstract.
Gronroos, N. N. and Alonso, A. Diet and risk of atrial fibrillation - epidemiologic and clinical evidence -. Circ.J ;74(10):-. View abstract.
Gross, G. [Polyphenon E. A new topical therapy for condylomata acuminata]. Hautarzt ;59(1):31-35. View abstract.
Gross, G., Meyer, K. G., Pres, H., Thielert, C., Tawfik, H., and Mescheder, A. A randomized, double-blind, four-arm parallel-group, placebo-controlled Phase II/III study to investigate the clinical efficacy of two galenic formulations of Polyphenon E in the treatment of external genital warts. J Eur.Acad.Dermatol.Venereol. ;21(10):-. View abstract.
Hakim, I. A., Chow, H. H., and Harris, R. B. Green tea consumption is associated with decreased DNA damage among GSTM1-positive smokers regardless of their hOGG1 genotype. J Nutr. ;138(8):S-S. View abstract.
Hakim, I. A., Harris, R. B., Brown, S., Chow, H. H., Wiseman, S., Agarwal, S., and Talbot, W. Effect of increased tea consumption on oxidative DNA damage among smokers: a randomized controlled study. J.Nutr. ;133(10):S-S. View abstract.
Hakim, I. A., Harris, R. B., Chow, H. H., Dean, M., Brown, S., and Ali, I. U. Effect of a 4-month tea intervention on oxidative DNA damage among heavy smokers: role of glutathione S-transferase genotypes. Cancer Epidemiol.Biomarkers Prev. ;13(2):242-249. View abstract.
Hasani-Ranjbar, S., Nayebi, N., Moradi, L., Mehri, A., Larijani, B., and Abdollahi, M. The efficacy and safety of herbal medicines used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia; a systematic review. Curr.Pharm.Des ;16(26):-. View abstract.
Hatano, B., Kojima, A., Sata, T., and Katano, H. Virus detection using Viro-Adembeads, a rapid capture system for viruses, and plaque assay in intentionally virus-contaminated beverages. Jpn.J Infect.Dis. ;63(1):52-54. View abstract.
Hattori, M., Kusumoto, I. T., Namba, T., Ishigami, T., and Hara, Y. Effect of tea polyphenols on glucan synthesis by glucosyltransferase from Streptococcus mutans. Chem.Pharm Bull.(Tokyo) ;38(3):717-720. View abstract.
Hauber, I., Hohenberg, H., Holstermann, B., Hunstein, W., and Hauber, J. The main green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate counteracts semen-mediated enhancement of HIV infection. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A 6-2-;106(22):-. View abstract.
He, Y. H. and Kies, C. Green and black tea consumption by humans: impact on polyphenol concentrations in feces, blood and urine. Plant Foods Hum.Nutr. ;46(3):221-229. View abstract.
Heinrich, U., Moore, C. E., De, Spirt S., Tronnier, H., and Stahl, W. Green tea polyphenols provide photoprotection, increase microcirculation, and modulate skin properties of women. J.Nutr. ;141(6):-. View abstract.
Henning, S. M., Aronson, W., Niu, Y., Conde, F., Lee, N. H., Seeram, N. P., Lee, R. P., Lu, J., Harris, D. M., Moro, A., Hong, J., Pak-Shan, L., Barnard, R. J., Ziaee, H. G., Csathy, G., Go, V. L., Wang, H., and Heber, D. Tea polyphenols and theaflavins are present in prostate tissue of humans and mice after green and black tea consumption. J Nutr ;136(7):-. View abstract.
Henning, S. M., Niu, Y., Lee, N. H., Thames, G. D., Minutti, R. R., Wang, H., Go, V. L., and Heber, D. Bioavailability and antioxidant activity of tea flavanols after consumption of green tea, black tea, or a green tea extract supplement. Am J Clin Nutr ;80(6):-. View abstract.
Henrotin, Y., Lambert, C., Couchourel, D., Ripoll, C., and Chiotelli, E. Nutraceuticals: do they represent a new era in the management of osteoarthritis? - a narrative review from the lessons taken with five products. Osteoarthritis.Cartilage. ;19(1):1-21. View abstract.
Hirano-Ohmori, R., Takahashi, R., Momiyama, Y., Taniguchi, H., Yonemura, A., Tamai, S., Umegaki, K., Nakamura, H., Kondo, K., and Ohsuzu, F. Green tea consumption and serum malondialdehyde-modified LDL concentrations in healthy subjects. J Am Coll.Nutr ;24(5):342-346. View abstract.
Hirao, K., Yumoto, H., Nakanishi, T., Mukai, K., Takahashi, K., Takegawa, D., and Matsuo, T. Tea catechins reduce inflammatory reactions via mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in toll-like receptor 2 ligand-stimulated dental pulp cells. Life Sci. 4-24-;86(17-18):654-660. View abstract.
Hirasawa, M., Takada, K., Makimura, M., and Otake, S. Improvement of periodontal status by green tea catechin using a local delivery system: a clinical pilot study. J Periodontal Res ;37(6):433-438. View abstract.
Horiba, N., Maekawa, Y., Ito, M., Matsumoto, T., and Nakamura, H. A pilot study of Japanese green tea as a medicament: antibacterial and bactericidal effects. J Endod. ;17(3):122-124. View abstract.
Hsu, C. H., Liao, Y. L., Lin, S. C., Tsai, T. H., Huang, C. J., and Chou, P. Does supplementation with green tea extract improve insulin resistance in obese type 2 diabetics? A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial. Altern.Med.Rev. ;16(2):157-163. View abstract.
Hsu, C. H., Tsai, T. H., Kao, Y. H., Hwang, K. C., Tseng, T. Y., and Chou, P. Effect of green tea extract on obese women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Clin Nutr ;27(3):363-370. View abstract.
Ichinose, T., Nomura, S., Someya, Y., Akimoto, S., Tachiyashiki, K., and Imaizumi, K. Effect of endurance training supplemented with green tea extract on substrate metabolism during exercise in humans. Scand.J Med Sci.Sports 3-10-; View abstract.
Inami, S., Takano, M., Yamamoto, M., Murakami, D., Tajika, K., Yodogawa, K., Yokoyama, S., Ohno, N., Ohba, T., Sano, J., Ibuki, C., Seino, Y., and Mizuno, K. Tea catechin consumption reduces circulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Int Heart J ;48(6):725-732. View abstract.
Izzo, A. A. and Ernst, E. Interactions between herbal medicines and prescribed drugs: an updated systematic review. Drugs ;69(13):-. View abstract.
Janjua, R., Munoz, C., Gorell, E., Rehmus, W., Egbert, B., Kern, D., and Chang, A. L. A two-year, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial of oral green tea polyphenols on the long-term clinical and histologic appearance of photoaging skin. Dermatol.Surg. ;35(7):-. View abstract.
Jankun, J., Selman, S. H., Swiercz, R., and Skrzypczak-Jankun, E. Why drinking green tea could prevent cancer. Nature 6-5-;387():561. View abstract.
Javaid, A. and Bonkovsky, H. L. Hepatotoxicity due to extracts of Chinese green tea (Camellia sinensis): a growing concern. J Hepatol ;45(2):334-335. View abstract.
Ji, B. T., Chow, W. H., Hsing, A. W., McLaughlin, J. K., Dai, Q., Gao, Y. T., Blot, W. J., and Fraumeni, J. F., Jr. Green tea consumption and the risk of pancreatic and colorectal cancers. Int J Cancer 1-27-;70(3):255-258. View abstract.
Josic, J., Olsson, A. T., Wickeberg, J., Lindstedt, S., and Hlebowicz, J. Does green tea affect postprandial glucose, insulin and satiety in healthy subjects: a randomized controlled trial. Nutr.J. ;9:63. View abstract.
Jowko, E., Sacharuk, J., Balasinska, B., Ostaszewski, P., Charmas, M., and Charmas, R. Green tea extract supplementation gives protection against exercise-induced oxidative damage in healthy men. Nutr.Res. ;31(11):813-821. View abstract.
Jurgens, T. M., Whelan, A. M., Killian, L., Doucette, S., Kirk, S., and Foy, E. Green tea for weight loss and weight maintenance in overweight or obese adults. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. ;12:CD. View abstract.
Kalus, U., Kiesewetter, H., and Radtke, H. Effect of CYSTUS052 and green tea on subjective symptoms in patients with infection of the upper respiratory tract. Phytother.Res. ;24(1):96-100. View abstract.
Karth, A., Holoshitz, N., Kavinsky, C. J., Trohman, R., and McBride, B. F. A case report of atrial fibrillation potentially induced by hydroxycut: a multicomponent dietary weight loss supplement devoid of sympathomimetic amines. J.Pharm.Pract. ;23(3):245-249. View abstract.
Katiyar, S. K., Matsui, M. S., Elmets, C. A., and Mukhtar, H. Polyphenolic antioxidant (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate from green tea reduces UVB-induced inflammatory responses and infiltration of leukocytes in human skin. Photochem.Photobiol. ;69(2):148-153. View abstract.
Kato, M. T., Leite, A. L., Hannas, A. R., and Buzalaf, M. A. Gels containing MMP inhibitors prevent dental erosion in situ. J Dent.Res. ;89(5):468-472. View abstract.
Kikuchi, N., Ohmori, K., Shimazu, T., Nakaya, N., Kuriyama, S., Nishino, Y., Tsubono, Y., and Tsuji, I. No association between green tea and prostate cancer risk in Japanese men: the Ohsaki Cohort Study. Br.J Cancer 8-7-;95(3):371-373. View abstract.
Kim, W., Jeong, M. H., Cho, S. H., Yun, J. H., Chae, H. J., Ahn, Y. K., Lee, M. C., Cheng, X., Kondo, T., Murohara, T., and Kang, J. C. Effect of green tea consumption on endothelial function and circulating endothelial progenitor cells in chronic smokers. Circ.J ;70(8):-. View abstract.
Komatsu, T., Nakamori, M., Komatsu, K., Hosoda, K., Okamura, M., Toyama, K., Ishikura, Y., Sakai, T., Kunii, D., and Yamamoto, S. Oolong tea increases energy metabolism in Japanese females. J Med Invest ;50(3-4):170-175. View abstract.
Kristen, A. V., Lehrke, S., Buss, S., Mereles, D., Steen, H., Ehlermann, P., Hardt, S., Giannitsis, E., Schreiner, R., Haberkorn, U., Schnabel, P. A., Linke, R. P., Rocken, C., Wanker, E. E., Dengler, T. J., Altland, K., and Katus, H. A. Green tea halts progression of cardiac transthyretin amyloidosis: an observational report. Clin.Res.Cardiol. ;101(10):805-813. View abstract.
Kuo, Y. C., Yu, C. L., Liu, C. Y., Wang, S. F., Pan, P. C., Wu, M. T., Ho, C. K., Lo, Y. S., Li, Y., and Christiani, D. C. A population-based, case-control study of green tea consumption and leukemia risk in southwestern Taiwan. Cancer Causes Control ;20(1):57-65. View abstract.
Kurahashi, N., Sasazuki, S., Iwasaki, M., Inoue, M., and Tsugane, S. Green tea consumption and prostate cancer risk in Japanese men: a prospective study. Am J Epidemiol. 1-1-;167(1):71-77. View abstract.
Kuriyama, S. The relation between green tea consumption and cardiovascular disease as evidenced by epidemiological studies. J Nutr. ;138(8):S-S. View abstract.
Kushima, Y., Iida, K., Nagaoka, Y., Kawaratani, Y., Shirahama, T., Sakaguchi, M., Baba, K., Hara, Y., and Uesato, S. Inhibitory effect of (-)-epigallocatechin and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate against heregulin beta1-induced migration/invasion of the MCF-7 breast carcinoma cell line. Biol.Pharm.Bull. ;32(5):899-904. View abstract.
Kushiyama, M., Shimazaki, Y., Murakami, M., and Yamashita, Y. Relationship between intake of green tea and periodontal disease. J Periodontol. ;80(3):372-377. View abstract.
Lang, M., Henson, R., Braconi, C., and Patel, T. Epigallocatechin-gallate modulates chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in human cholangiocarcinoma cells. Liver Int ;29(5):670-677. View abstract.
Langley, P. C. A cost-effectiveness analysis of sinecatechins in the treatment of external genital warts. J.Med.Econ. ;13(1):1-7. View abstract.
Laurie, S. A., Miller, V. A., Grant, S. C., Kris, M. G., and Ng, K. K. Phase I study of green tea extract in patients with advanced lung cancer. Cancer Chemother.Pharmacol. ;55(1):33-38. View abstract.
Levites, Y., Amit, T., Mandel, S., and Youdim, M. B. Neuroprotection and neurorescue against Abeta toxicity and PKC-dependent release of nonamyloidogenic soluble precursor protein by green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate. FASEB J ;17(8):952-954. View abstract.
Li, G. X., Chen, Y. K., Hou, Z., Xiao, H., Jin, H., Lu, G., Lee, M. J., Liu, B., Guan, F., Yang, Z., Yu, A., and Yang, C. S. Pro-oxidative activities and dose-response relationship of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in the inhibition of lung cancer cell growth: a comparative study in vivo and in vitro. Carcinogenesis ;31(5):902-910. View abstract.
Li, R., Huang, Y. G., Fang, D., and Le, W. D. (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial activation and protects against inflammation-mediated dopaminergic neuronal injury. J Neurosci.Res. 12-1-;78(5):723-731. View abstract.
Liatsos, G. D., Moulakakis, A., Ketikoglou, I., and Klonari, S. Possible green tea-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Am.J Health Syst.Pharm. 4-1-;67(7):531-534. View abstract.
Lin, C. L., Chen, T. F., Chiu, M. J., Way, T. D., and Lin, J. K. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) suppresses beta-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity through inhibiting c-Abl/FE65 nuclear translocation and GSK3 beta activation. Neurobiol.Aging ;30(1):81-92. View abstract.
Lonac, M. C., Richards, J. C., Schweder, M. M., Johnson, T. K., and Bell, C. Influence of Short-Term Consumption of the Caffeine-Free, Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Supplement, Teavigo, on Resting Metabolism and the Thermic Effect of Feeding. Obesity.(Silver.Spring) 8-19-; View abstract.
Lopez-Garcia, E., Rodriguez-Artalejo, F., Rexrode, K. M., Logroscino, G., Hu, F. B., and van Dam, R. M. Coffee consumption and risk of stroke in women. Circulation 3-3-;119(8):-. View abstract.
MacKenzie, T., Comi, R., Sluss, P., Keisari, R., Manwar, S., Kim, J., Larson, R., and Baron, J. A. Metabolic and hormonal effects of caffeine: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Metabolism ;56(12):-. View abstract.
Maeda-Yamamoto, M., Ema, K., Monobe, M., Shibuichi, I., Shinoda, Y., Yamamoto, T., and Fujisawa, T. The efficacy of early treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis with benifuuki green tea containing O-methylated catechin before pollen exposure: an open randomized study. Allergol.Int ;58(3):437-444. View abstract.
Mahmood, T., Akhtar, N., Khan, B. A., Shoaib Khan, H. M., and Saeed, T. Changes in skin mechanical properties after long-term application of cream containing green tea extract. Aging Clin.Exp.Res. ;23(5-6):333-336. View abstract.
Maki, K. C., Reeves, M. S., Farmer, M., Yasunaga, K., Matsuo, N., Katsuragi, Y., Komikado, M., Tokimitsu, I., Wilder, D., Jones, F., Blumberg, J. B., and Cartwright, Y. Green tea catechin consumption enhances exercise-induced abdominal fat loss in overweight and obese adults. J Nutr ;139(2):264-270. View abstract.
Martinez-Sierra, C., Rendon, Unceta P., and Martin, Herrera L. [Acute hepatitis after green tea ingestion]. Med Clin (Barc.) 6-17-;127(3):119. View abstract.
Matsumoto, K., Yamada, H., Takuma, N., Niino, H., and Sagesaka, Y. M. Effects of green tea catechins and theanine on preventing influenza infection among healthcare workers: a randomized controlled trial. BMC.Complement Altern.Med. ;11:15. View abstract.
Matsuyama, T., Tanaka, Y., Kamimaki, I., Nagao, T., and Tokimitsu, I. Catechin safely improved higher levels of fatness, blood pressure, and cholesterol in children. Obesity.(Silver.Spring) ;16(6):-. View abstract.
Melgarejo, E., Medina, M. A., Sanchez-Jimenez, F., and Urdiales, J. L. Epigallocatechin gallate reduces human monocyte mobility and adhesion in vitro. Br.J Pharmacol. ;158(7):-. View abstract.
Meltzer, S. M., Monk, B. J., and Tewari, K. S. Green tea catechins for treatment of external genital warts. Am J Obstet.Gynecol. ;200(3):233-237. View abstract.
Miller, R. J., Jackson, K. G., Dadd, T., Mayes, A. E., Brown, A. L., and Minihane, A. M. The impact of the catechol-O-methyltransferase genotype on the acute responsiveness of vascular reactivity to a green tea extract. Br.J.Nutr. ;105(8):-. View abstract.
Miller, R. J., Jackson, K. G., Dadd, T., Mayes, A. E., Brown, A. L., Lovegrove, J. A., and Minihane, A. M. The impact of the catechol-O-methyltransferase genotype on vascular function and blood pressure after acute green tea ingestion. Mol.Nutr.Food Res. ;56(6):966-975. View abstract.
Miller, R. J., Jackson, K. G., Dadd, T., Nicol, B., Dick, J. L., Mayes, A. E., Brown, A. L., and Minihane, A. M. A preliminary investigation of the impact of catechol-O-methyltransferase genotype on the absorption and metabolism of green tea catechins. Eur.J.Nutr. ;51(1):47-55. View abstract.
Mnich, C. D., Hoek, K. S., Virkki, L. V., Farkas, A., Dudli, C., Laine, E., Urosevic, M., and Dummer, R. Green tea extract reduces induction of p53 and apoptosis in UVB-irradiated human skin independent of transcriptional controls. Exp Dermatol. ;18(1):69-77. View abstract.
Moisey, L. L., Robinson, L. E., and Graham, T. E. Consumption of caffeinated coffee and a high carbohydrate meal affects postprandial metabolism of a subsequent oral glucose tolerance test in young, healthy males. Br.J Nutr. ;103(6):833-841. View abstract.
Molinari, M., Watt, K. D., Kruszyna, T., Nelson, R., Walsh, M., Huang, W. Y., Nashan, B., and Peltekian, K. Acute liver failure induced by green tea extracts: case report and review of the literature. Liver Transpl. ;12(12):-. View abstract.
Mukoyama, A., Ushijima, H., Nishimura, S., Koike, H., Toda, M., Hara, Y., and Shimamura, T. Inhibition of rotavirus and enterovirus infections by tea extracts. Jpn.J Med.Sci Biol. ;44(4):181-186. View abstract.
Mulder, T. P., Rietveld, A. G., and Van Amelsvoort, J. M. Consumption of both black tea and green tea results in an increase in the excretion of hippuric acid into urine. Am.J.Clin Nutr. ;81(1 Suppl):256S-260S. View abstract.
Muller, N., Ellinger, S., Alteheld, B., Ulrich-Merzenich, G., Berthold, H. K., Vetter, H., and Stehle, P. Bolus ingestion of white and green tea increases the concentration of several flavan-3-ols in plasma, but does not affect markers of oxidative stress in healthy non-smokers. Mol.Nutr.Food Res. 6-10-; View abstract.
Myung, S. K., Bae, W. K., Oh, S. M., Kim, Y., Ju, W., Sung, J., Lee, Y. J., Ko, J. A., Song, J. I., and Choi, H. J. Green tea consumption and risk of stomach cancer: a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Int J Cancer 2-1-;124(3):670-677. View abstract.
Nagao, T., Hase, T., and Tokimitsu, I. A green tea extract high in catechins reduces body fat and cardiovascular risks in humans. Obesity.(Silver.Spring) ;15(6):-. View abstract.
Nagao, T., Komine, Y., Soga, S., Meguro, S., Hase, T., Tanaka, Y., and Tokimitsu, I. Ingestion of a tea rich in catechins leads to a reduction in body fat and malondialdehyde-modified LDL in men. Am J Clin Nutr ;81(1):122-129. View abstract.
Nagao, T., Meguro, S., Hase, T., Otsuka, K., Komikado, M., Tokimitsu, I., Yamamoto, T., and Yamamoto, K. A catechin-rich beverage improves obesity and blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Obesity.(Silver.Spring) ;17(2):310-317. View abstract.
Nagata, C., Kabuto, M., and Shimizu, H. Association of coffee, green tea, and caffeine intakes with serum concentrations of estradiol and sex hormone-binding globulin in premenopausal Japanese women. Nutr Cancer ;30(1):21-24. View abstract.
Nakachi, K., Suemasu, K., Suga, K., Takeo, T., Imai, K., and Higashi, Y. Influence of drinking green tea on breast cancer malignancy among Japanese patients. Jpn J Cancer Res ;89(3):254-261. View abstract.
Nakagawa, K., Okuda, S., and Miyazawa, T. Dose-dependent incorporation of tea catechins, (-)-epigallocatechin-3- gallate and (-)-epigallocatechin, into human plasma. Biosci.Biotechnol.Biochem ;61(12):-. View abstract.
Nakayama, M., Suzuki, K., Toda, M., Okubo, S., Hara, Y., and Shimamura, T. Inhibition of the infectivity of influenza virus by tea polyphenols. Antiviral Res. ;21(4):289-299. View abstract.
Nance, C. L., Siwak, E. B., and Shearer, W. T. Preclinical development of the green tea catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, as an HIV-1 therapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. ;123(2):459-465. View abstract.
Nantz, M. P., Rowe, C. A., Bukowski, J. F., and Percival, S. S. Standardized capsule of Camellia sinensis lowers cardiovascular risk factors in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Nutrition ;25(2):147-154. View abstract.
Netsch, M. I., Gutmann, H., Schmidlin, C. B., Aydogan, C., and Drewe, J. Induction of CYP1A by green tea extract in human intestinal cell lines. Planta Med ;72(6):514-520. View abstract.
Nguyen, M. M., Ahmann, F. R., Nagle, R. B., Hsu, C. H., Tangrea, J. A., Parnes, H. L., Sokoloff, M. H., Gretzer, M. B., and Chow, H. H. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of polyphenon E in prostate cancer patients before prostatectomy: evaluation of potential chemopreventive activities. Cancer Prev.Res.(Phila) ;5(2):290-298. View abstract.
Ogunleye, A. A., Xue, F., and Michels, K. B. Green tea consumption and breast cancer risk or recurrence: a meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res.Treat. ;119(2):477-484. View abstract.
Okada, N., Tanabe, H., Tazoe, H., Ishigami, Y., Fukutomi, R., Yasui, K., and Isemura, M. Differentiation-associated alteration in sensitivity to apoptosis induced by (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate in HL-60 cells. Biomed.Res. ;30(4):201-206. View abstract.
Orozco-Gregorio, H., Mota-Rojas, D., Bonilla-Jaime, H., Trujillo-Ortega, M. E., Becerril-Herrera, M., Hernandez-Gonzalez, R., and Villanueva-Garcia, D. Effects of administration of caffeine on metabolic variables in neonatal pigs with peripartum asphyxia. Am.J Vet.Res. ;71(10):-. View abstract.
Ostrowska, J. and Skrzydlewska, E. The comparison of effect of catechins and green tea extract on oxidative modification of LDL in vitro. Adv Med Sci ;51:298-303. View abstract.
Otake, S., Makimura, M., Kuroki, T., Nishihara, Y., and Hirasawa, M. Anticaries effects of polyphenolic compounds from Japanese green tea. Caries Res ;25(6):438-443. View abstract.
Otera, H., Tada, K., Sakurai, T., Hashimoto, K., and Ikeda, A. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis associated with inhalation of catechin-rich green tea extracts. Respiration ;82(4):388-392. View abstract.
Oyama, J., Maeda, T., Sasaki, M., Kozuma, K., Ochiai, R., Tokimitsu, I., Taguchi, S., Higuchi, Y., and Makino, N. Green tea catechins improve human forearm vascular function and have potent anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects in smokers. Intern.Med. ;49(23):-. View abstract.
Pan, T., Fei, J., Zhou, X., Jankovic, J., and Le, W. Effects of green tea polyphenols on dopamine uptake and on MPP+ -induced dopamine neuron injury. Life Sci. 1-17-;72(9):-. View abstract.
Panza, V. S., Wazlawik, E., Ricardo, Schutz G., Comin, L., Hecht, K. C., and da Silva, E. L. Consumption of green tea favorably affects oxidative stress markers in weight-trained men. Nutrition ;24(5):433-442. View abstract.
Papparella, I., Ceolotto, G., Montemurro, D., Antonello, M., Garbisa, S., Rossi, G., and Semplicini, A. Green tea attenuates angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats by modulating reactive oxygen species production and the Src/epidermal growth factor receptor/Akt signaling pathway. J Nutr. ;138(9):-. View abstract.
Park, S. K., Jung, I. C., Lee, W. K., Lee, Y. S., Park, H. K., Go, H. J., Kim, K., Lim, N. K., Hong, J. T., Ly, S. Y., and Rho, S. S. A combination of green tea extract and l-theanine improves memory and attention in subjects with mild cognitive impairment: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. J.Med.Food ;14(4):334-343. View abstract.
Pecorari, M., Villano, D., Testa, M. F., Schmid, M., and Serafini, M. Biomarkers of antioxidant status following ingestion of green teas at different polyphenol concentrations and antioxidant capacity in human volunteers. Mol.Nutr.Food Res. ;54 Suppl 2:S278-S283. View abstract.
Perera, V., Gross, A. S., and McLachlan, A. J. Caffeine and paraxanthine HPLC assay for CYP1A2 phenotype assessment using saliva and plasma. Biomed.Chromatogr. ;24(10):-. View abstract.
Pietta, P., Simonetti, P., Gardana, C., Brusamolino, A., Morazzoni, P., and Bombardelli, E. Relationship between rate and extent of catechin absorption and plasma antioxidant status. Biochem Mol.Biol Int. ;46(5):895-903. View abstract.
Rasheed, Z., Anbazhagan, A. N., Akhtar, N., Ramamurthy, S., Voss, F. R., and Haqqi, T. M. Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits advanced glycation end product-induced expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and matrix metalloproteinase-13 in human chondrocytes. Arthritis Res.Ther. ;11(3):R71. View abstract.
Reis, J. P., Loria, C. M., Steffen, L. M., Zhou, X., van, Horn L., Siscovick, D. S., Jacobs, D. R., Jr., and Carr, J. J. Coffee, decaffeinated coffee, caffeine, and tea consumption in young adulthood and atherosclerosis later in life: the CARDIA study. Arterioscler.Thromb.Vasc.Biol ;30(10):-. View abstract.
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Richards, J. C., Lonac, M. C., Johnson, T. K., Schweder, M. M., and Bell, C. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Increases Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Adult Humans. Med Sci.Sports Exerc. 11-27-; View abstract.
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Wu, M., Liu, A. M., Kampman, E., Zhang, Z. F., Van't Veer, P., Wu, D. L., Wang, P. H., Yang, J., Qin, Y., Mu, L. N., Kok, F. J., and Zhao, J. K. Green tea drinking, high tea temperature and esophageal cancer in high- and low-risk areas of Jiangsu Province, China: a population-based case-control study. Int J Cancer 4-15-;124(8):-. View abstract.
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Yoon, J. Y., Kwon, H. H., Min, S. U., Thiboutot, D. M., and Suh, D. H. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate improves acne in humans by modulating intracellular molecular targets and inhibiting P. acnes. J.Invest Dermatol. ;133(2):429-440. View abstract.
Yoto, A., Motoki, M., Murao, S., and Yokogoshi, H. Effects of L-theanine or caffeine intake on changes in blood pressure under physical and psychological stresses. J.Physiol Anthropol. ;31:28. View abstract.
Yu, G. P., Hsieh, C. C., Wang, L. Y., Yu, S. Z., Li, X. L., and Jin, T. H. Green-tea consumption and risk of stomach cancer: a population-based case-control study in Shanghai, China. Cancer Causes Control ;6(6):532-538. View abstract.
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Zhang, Z. M., Yang, X. Y., Yuan, J. H., Sun, Z. Y., and Li, Y. Q. Modulation of NRF2 and UGT1A expression by epigallocatechin-3-gallate in colon cancer cells and BALB/c mice. Chin Med J (Engl.) 7-20-;122(14):-. View abstract.
Zheng, J., Yang, B., Huang, T., Yu, Y., Yang, J., and Li, D. Green tea and black tea consumption and prostate cancer risk: an exploratory meta-analysis of observational studies. Nutr.Cancer ;63(5):663-672. View abstract.
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Abdelkawy KS, Abdelaziz RM, Abdelmageed AM, Donia AM, El-Khodary NM. Effects of green tea extract on atorvastatin pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. ;45(3):351-360. View abstract.
Abe O, Ono T, Sato H, et al. Role of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate in the pharmacokinetic interaction between nadolol and green tea in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol ;74(6):775-83. doi: 10./s-018--2. View abstract.
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Asbaghi O, Fouladvand F, Moradi S, Ashtary-Larky D, Choghakhori R, Abbasnezhad A. Effect of green tea extract on lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr. ;14(4):293-301. View abstract.
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